Sagittarius has seven stars brighter than magnitude 3.00 and three stars located within 10 parsecs (32.6 light years) of Earth. Since the rotational axis of the system points roughly in the direction of our planet, and fast-spinning Wolf-Rayet stars are believed to produce gamma-ray bursts along their rotational axes when they meet their end, there has been a lot of debate about whether Earth will be affected by the supernova. The VLT Survey Telescope (VST) at ESOs Paranal Observatory in Chile has captured this richly detailed new image of the Lagoon Nebula. The star is believed to have a debris disk, like Vega, the brightest star in the constellation Lyra. In astronomy, the term metal has a specialised meaning: it refers to any element heavier than the two most common elements in our Universe, hydrogen and helium. It contains very few variable stars. Red Spider Nebula (NGC 6537), image: Judy Schmidt (CC BY 2.0). It is one of the most metal-poor galaxies known. Sagittarius A consists of the supernova remnant Sagittarius A East, the spiral structure Sagittarius A West, and a bright radio source located at the centre of the spiral, Sagittarius A*. (The other three are Messier 15 in the constellation Pegasus, Palomar 6 in Ophiuchus and NGC 6441 in Scorpius.). It contains a young cluster, with an estimated age of 0.6 million years, which has at least four O-type stars and five massive young stellar objects (YSOs). The cluster spans about 65 light years and occupies about 11 arc minutes of the apparent sky. The cluster has an apparent magnitude of 6.8 and lies at a distance of 28,400 light years from Earth. Sagittarius constellation has its roots in Sumerian mythology. They both were known to hunt with a bow and arrow (though this is a bit misleading as centaurs did not traditionally use a bow and arrow. NGC 6522 is a globular cluster with an apparent magnitude of 10.5, lying at a distance of 25,100 light years from Earth. Image: Wikimedia Commons/Jschulman555 (CC BY-SA 4.0). Pi Sagittarii is also sometimes known as Albaldah, from the Arabic blda, which means the town. Egyptian astronomer Al Achsasi al Mouakket designated it Nir al Beldat in his star catalogue Calendarium in the mid-17th century. The star lies at a center of a planetary nebula, formed after the stars red giant stage about 8,300 years ago. Image: ESO/F. Realising Ixion's intentions, Zeus sent a cloud, disguised as Hera, to trick him. Vast amounts of energy are also released when these stars go out as supernovas, heating the surrounding material. Box Nebula (NGC 6445), image: NASA and STScI. NGC 6569 is another globular cluster visible in the vicinity of Gamma-2 Sagittarii, about 2 degrees south of the star. The next occultation by a planet (Venus) will take place in our lifetime: on February 17, 2035. But why were they immortalized in the stars? In these clusters, even more stars squeeze into the objects core than on average, such that the brightness of the cluster increases steadily towards its centre. Sagittarius in mythology. Other than Virgo, the Sagittarius myth is probably the most commonly misinterpreted of all of the constellation myths. Most sources identify Sagittarius as Chiron, the son of the Titan Cronus, according to Globe at Night. Crotus invented archery and lived on Mount Helicon. Little Gem Nebula, image: Judy Schmidt (CC BY 2.0). Terzan 7 is the brightest of the six globulars discovered by Agop Terzan in 1968. The huge number of stars that light up this region dramatically emphasise the blackness of dark clouds like Barnard 86, which appears at the centre of this new picture from the Wide Field Imager, an instrument mounted on the MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope at ESOs La Silla Observatory in Chile. It has an apparent magnitude of 12 and with a linear radius of 160 light years it occupies 7.3 of the apparent sky. It was discovered by Philippe Loys De Chseaux in 1745 and added to Messiers catalogue in 1764. The galaxy was named after the American astronomer E.E. It's easy to see why the myths behind Centaurus and Sagittarius often get confused. The complex of star forming regions is obscured by interstellar dust, but it can be observed in radio, infrared and X-ray bands. Sagittarius B2 is a very large molecular cloud of dust and gas approximately 390 light years from the centre of the Milky Way. The Pistol Star is one of the most luminous stars known. Zeta Sagittarii consists of a class A2 giant star with an apparent magnitude of 3.26 and an A4 type subgiant star with an apparent magnitude of 3.37. In Sagittarius Mythology, Sagittarius is described as The Centaur (one-half horse, one-half human). The Small Sagittarius Star Cloud (Messier 24) is, as the name says, a star cloud in the constellation Sagittarius. It is a blue class B giant with an apparent magnitude of 1.79 and a luminosity 375 times that of the Sun. Hurt 2, or 2MASS-GC02, is a globular cluster discovered only recently, in 2000. The Sagittarius Cluster is located near the galactic bulge, the central group of stars in the Milky Way. It is now believed to be located at least 15 times farther away. It has a radius 11 times solar and is 52 times more luminous than the Sun. The bright star in the centre of this image is not the star of this show. It cannot be seen visually, but must be observed in radio, X-ray and infrared bands. This cosmic pair is set against millions of glowing stars from the brightest part of the Milky Way a region so dense with stars that barely any dark sky is seen across the picture.This part of the constellation of Sagittarius (The Archer) is one of the richest star fields in the whole sky the Large Sagittarius Star Cloud. Named for its most prominent five stars, the cluster was only discovered in 1990. As understood through the centaur, the Sagittarius sign is as optimistic as the archer but . Understanding the Sagittarius star sign through this half-human/half-horse imagery is once again a matter of perception. It is located only 5.41 light years from Barnards Star in the neighbouring constellation Ophiuchus. Chiron and Achilles. The Sagittarius Dwarf is believed to already have orbited the Milky Way about 10 times in the last billion years or so, and it still appears to have coherence as an elongated ellipse despite being torn apart by enormous tidal forces as a result of the interaction. Chiron the centaur was brilliant and kind a teacher to figures like Jason and Achilles, and a friend to the hero Heracles (via Greek Mythology). The brightest stars in the cluster are 16th magnitude. Eta Sagittarii is another multiple star system in Sagittarius. The nebulas central star is more than 12,000 times more luminous than the Sun. Its old astronomical symbol is (). When Ehman discovered it, he printed his findings out, circled the signal and wrote Wow! next to it, which is how the signal got its name. The Red Spider Nebula is a planetary nebula that occupies an area of 1.5 arc minutes in the northwestern part of Sagittarius. This vast ball of ancient stars is located at a distance of about 17,000 light-years from Earth. The cluster has a highly concentrated core, with the majority of M75s stars located in a large nucleus. These images have an energy and motivate our behaviour from a deep primitive level of the unconscious. Astronomers recently discovered that all the stars in Terzan 7 were born at around the same time, and are about eight billion years old. The image of the Peony Nebula star was taken by NASAs Spitzer Space Telescope in its naturally dusty region. Crotus, much like Chiron, was a skilled musician and hunter. It is an eclipsing binary star, with a B8 supergiant star for a primary component and a B2 type giant as the companion star. NGC 6440 is another globular cluster in Sagittarius. In Greek mythology, Sagittarius is Chiron, a centaur who was a teacher to gods and heroes, like Achilles. It is a red supergiant located about 10,000 light years from Earth, with an apparent magnitude varying between 8.5 and 11.The stars diameter is 1,460 times the diameter of the Sun. Its inner elongated shape is believed to be the result of a fast wind of material travelling away from the hot 15th magnitude central star. The archer is usually identified as the centaur Chiron, though sometimes held to be a similar figure known as Crotus, a satyr. Sagittarius is most often associated with Crotus, the son of Pan (the goat-god) and Eupheme (the Muses' nurse). Myth of Sagittarius. Messier 23 is an open star cluster, discovered by Charles Messier in June 1764. The most notable of these regions, the radio-emitting nebula G10.3-0.3, is home to the cluster 1806-20, which contains an O-type supergiant, two blue hypergiants, three Wolf-Rayet stars, the luminous blue variable LBV 1806-20 and the magnetar SGR 1806-20. It lies close to the star Zeta Sagittarii. The cloud is about 600 light years wide and approximately 10,000 light years distant. What's strange about this centaur is that it has wings, two heads, of which one is that of a panther and the other is a human head. Sagittarius belongs to the Zodiac family of constellations, along with Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpius, Capricornus, Aquarius and Pisces. Nunki has a faint (magnitude 9.5) companion about 5.2 arc minutes away. The cluster was discovered by William Herschel in 1784 using his 18.7-inch telescope. Sagittarius is the ninth astrological sign of the zodiac. The Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (Sag DIG) is a dwarf galaxy located in Sagittarius, approximately 3.39 million light years from the solar system. The numbers 1806-20 indicate its position in the sky (right ascension and declination). The two brighter components form a close binary system with an apparent magnitude of 13.28. Image: ESO/VPHAS+ team. It is 8.3 by 8.3 in diameter. VX Sagittarii, currently (as of 2017) one of the five largest known stars in the Milky Way, is an evolved red supergiant or hypergiant (M4eIa M10eIa) with a radius between 1,350 and 1,940 times that of the Sun and a mass 12 times solar. Why Chiron gets credit as the figure in Sagittarius mythology is a bit of a mystery. signal, the first and only radio signal ever received that indicated the possibility of extraterrestial intelligence. Sagittarius in Mythology The story of Sagittarius originates from Greek mythology, specifically that of Chiron, an immortal centaur who acted as teacher to many ancient Greek heroes. Terzan 5 is a globular cluster about 18,800 light years away in the Milky Way bulge. It is approximately 29,700 light years distant from Earth. With a mass of 10,000 solar masses, it is about 10 times more massive than typical open clusters in the Milky Way. Sagittarius, the ninth sign of the zodiac, is the home of the wanderers of the zodiac. Having this many shining stars piled on top of one another from our perspective makes globular clusters a popular target for amateur skywatchers and scientists alike. The nuclear fusion that powers stars created all of the metallic elements in nature, from the calcium in our bones to the carbon in diamonds. It is a densely populated cluster, classified as class I. The cluster is believed to be only 2.5 million years old. It may look like something from The Lord of the Rings, but this fiery swirl is actually a planetary nebula known as ESO 456-67. Sometimes Sagittarius is wrongly identified as the centaur Chiron, represented by the constellation Centaurus. The name is derived from the astronomical constellation Sagittarius, meaning "archer" in Latin. The system is also known by its traditional name, Arkab, from the Arabic carqb, which means hamstring.. OGLE-2006-BLG-109L (spectral class M0V) has two known exoplanets, suspected analogs of Jupiter and Saturn, discovered in 2008. Its traditional name, Ascella, means armpit in Latin. The star was discovered in February 1996 by Yukio Sakurai, an amateur astronomer. The star system lies approximately 8,400 light years away. Centaurs have four legs, and are half-man, half-horse; satyrs have two legs and are half-man, half-goat. Edwin Hubble identified 15 variable stars in Barnards Galaxy, 11 of which were Cepheids, luminous variable stars that have a strong relationship between luminosity and pulsation period, which makes them excellent standard candles (objects with a known luminosity) for determining galactic and extragalactic distance scales. The first magnetar to be identified, in 2013, was SGR J17452900 or PSR J1745-2900, the soft gamma repeater orbiting a black hole in Sagittarius A*. Sigma Sagittarii is also notable for being the brightest star that can be occulted by an exterior planet. By 1999, the star became invisible in optical wavelengths as a result of being obscured by a very thick shell of dust. It was discovered by the French astronomer Pierre Mchain in 1780. It was discovered by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1751 and included by Messier in his catalogue in 1778. The Hourglass Nebula contains several Herbig-Haro objects, small patches of nebulosity indicating that there are newly born stars in the vicinity, and providing direct evidence of star forming activity in the region. M22 was originally discovered by the German amateur astronomer Johann Abraham Ihle in 1665. Messier 25 is an open cluster with an apparent magnitude of 4.6, about 2,000 light years from Earth. While the star is far enough for the supernova itself to be harmless, a long duration gamma-ray burst (LGRB) pointed in our direction could certainly do serious damage to our ozone layer. It was discovered by James Dunlop on June 2, 1826. It has an absolute magnitude of -11 and a luminosity about 2 million times that of the Sun. Astrology A medieval Sagittarius found in the Church of Notre-Dame, Sablires, France About a fifth of the more than 150 globular clusters in the Milky Way have undergone a core collapse. According to the Babylonians, Sagittarius is associated with the god Pabilsag. It has an apparent magnitude of 13.5 and can be seen near the star 16 Sagittarii. Sagittarius is a masculine sign and ruled by Jupiter, and is balanced and complemented by the opposite sign of Gemini, ruled by Mercury. This, however, only applies to Mars and it happens very rarely. Individuals born between November 22 and December 21 are known to be Sagittarius individuals. It has a half-mass diameter of 102 and linear radius of 2.7 light years. However, it is pretty unlikely that the star has a sufficiently high spin velocity to produce a LGRB and the exact inclination of its spin axis is uncertain. The cluster has a diameter of about 6 arc minutes. The third star in the system is an O-type star with an apparent magnitude of 15.36. The constellations Sagittarius and Centaurus are both supposed to represent a centaur, a creature with the upper torso of a man and the body and legs of a horse . The nebula lies at a distance of 7,800 light years from Earth and has a 16th magnitude central star. As per Greek folklore, Sagittarius is a centaur. Sagittarius, the centaur, is the ninth sign in the Zodiac and represents those born between Nov. 22 and Dec. 21. It has an estimated age of 13.06 billion years. Image: ESA/Hubble & NASA. The origin of Eta Sagittariis proper name Sephdar is unknown. The symbol of the Sagittarius is the centaur, a half-man and half-horse being from Greek mythology, or more generally, the archeras the centaur is typically . NGC 6528 is another globular cluster, located just to the southwest of NGC 6522. M54 is believed to belong to the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy. It's not a mindless ramble for these folks, either. Terzan 5 has a mass of about 2 million solar masses and bolometric luminosity 800,000 times that of the Sun. This may indicate that, like the better known Messier 54 and Omega Centauri, Terzan 5 is not a true globular cluster, but possibly the remaining core of a dwarf galaxy disrupted by the Milky Way in the distant past. However, the ancient Greeks had a great deal of respect for the horse, and so were reluctant to make the centaurs entirely bad. All content Copyright 2010-2020, Royal Mint Publishing LLC. The star was named after the shape of the nebula it illuminates, the Pistol Nebula. It goes by many different names: Omega Nebula, Horseshoe Nebula, Lobster Nebula, Swan Nebula, Checkmark Nebula, and Sharpless 45. The cluster is heavily obscured and has an apparent magnitude of 12.8. The stars agony has culminated in a wonderful planetary nebula known as NGC 6565, a cloud of gas that was ejected from the star after strong stellar winds pushed the stars outer layers away into space. It occupies an area of 867 square degrees. It is one of the closest stars to the Sun and the nearest star in Sagittarius constellation. Even though Chiron was skilled in medicine, he also could not heal himself, putting him in great pain. It is between 18,000 and 19,000 light years distant and has an apparent magnitude of 7.66. The signs are: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. Some of the brightest stars in Sagittarius Delta, Epsilon, Gamma-2, Lambda, Zeta, Phi, Tau and Sigma Sagittarii form an asterism known as the Teapot. NGC 6818 is a magnitude 10 planetary nebula in Sagittarius. The star cannot be observed in visual bands because less than a billionth of its light in the visible spectrum reaches us, which translates to about 35th visual magnitude. Most stories come to the conclusion that the myth of the constellation Sagittarius is the tale of the centaur Chiron. The cluster is about 34 light years in radius, has an apparent magnitude of 9.06 and is approximately 29,300 light years distant. The brightest star in Sagittarius is Kaus Australis, Epsilon Sagittarii (spectral class B9.5 III), with an apparent magnitude of 1.79. Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere. They guard their hearts carefully because they are highly sensitive individuals that fear being hurt. It is the most highly magnetized object ever discovered. Its symbol is . The nebula contains an open cluster of 35 hot young stars which illuminate its gases. SAGITTARIUS, The Archer, represents a centaur - half-man, half-horse, descended from Ixion, the man who dared to lust after Hera, wife of Zeus. The clouds have an ionized surface. The primary component in the Eta Sagittarii system is a type M3.5 red giant classified as an irregular variable star: The stars apparent magnitude varies from 3.08 to 3.12. In Sagittarius Mythology, Sagittarius is described as The Centaur (one-half horse, one-half human). The last occultation occurred on September 3, 423. The companion star has an apparent magnitude of 5.84 and is located about 359 light years from Earth. The cluster is about 19 light years across. It is the densest concentration of stars that can be seen using binoculars; about a thousand stars are visible within a single field of view. It is one of the stars that mark the handle of the Teapot asterism. 62 Sagittarii (or c Sagittarii) is an M-type giant at the southwest corner, about 450 light years from Earth. The legions of stars in a globular cluster orbit about a shared centre of gravity. The dark nebula Barnard 86 (B86) can be seen near the clusters western edge. It has an apparent magnitude of 2.72 and belongs to the spectral type K3III. The clusters age and low levels of nickel found in it led astronomers to believe that it may have originated in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Sag DEG). At the time, it was believed to be a magnitude 11.4 slow nova as it had not been visible in older images of the region and only appeared to brighten in the previous couple of years. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.0 and is approximately 4,100 light years distant. NGC 6540 is a globular cluster with an apparent magnitude of 9.30, located at a distance of 17,300 light years from Earth. The nebula was discovered by Edward Charles Pickering on July 15, 1882. It is located about 50,000 light years from the centre of the Milky Way. The most well-known myth is that of Chiron, the centaur and revered teacher of many Greek heroes. It lies at a distance of 35,500 light years. Beta Sagittarii is a designation shared by two star systems, Beta-1 Sagittarii and Beta-2 Sagittarii, which lie 0.36 apart in the sky. The cluster lies at a distance of about 16,000 light years and has a magnitude of 9.30. All Rights Reserved. The globular cluster Messier 54 lies at the core of the galaxy. Spanning an area of 150 light years across, Sagittarius B is one of the largest molecular clouds in our galaxy and the single largest one in the vicinity of the galaxys core. The three-letter abbreviation, adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1922, is Sgr. Image: NASA, ESA, STScI, and G. Piotto (Universit degli Studi di Padova), and E. Noyola (Max Planck Institut fr extraterrestrische Physik). Never observed anywhere in the bulge before, this peculiar cocktail of stars suggests that Terzan 5 is in fact one of the bulges primordial building blocks, most likely the relic of a dwarf galaxy that merged with the Milky Way during its very early days. Sagittarius is Latin for "archer," and since ancient times the constellation has been represented as a creature wielding a bow and arrow. It represents the archer. Copy and paste it, adding a note of your own, into your blog, a Web page, forums, a blog comment, your Facebook account, or anywhere that someone would find this page valuable. The supernova remnant Sagittarius A East is about 25 light years wide and appears to have originated in an event that occurred between 35,000 and 100,000 years ago. The nebula was discovered by Edward Charles Pickering on July 14, 1880. The nebula has an apparent size of only 10 by 8 arc seconds and an apparent magnitude of 13. The planetary nebula in the Sagittarius Cluster, designated GJJC1 is believed to be only 6,000 years old and has a blue star at the centre. He later included it in his catalogue. Lambda Sagittarii is an orange giant star, belonging to the spectral class K1+IIIb, with an apparent magnitude of 2.82. This giant cloud of gas and dust is creating intensely bright young stars, and is home to young stellar clusters. It is not fully understood how planetary nebulae form such a wide variety of shapes and structures; some appear to be spherical, some elliptical, others shoot material in waves from their polar regions, some look like hourglasses or figures of eight, and others resemble large, messy stellar explosions to name but a few. It has an apparent magnitude of 3.97 and is approximately 170 light years distant. Sag DEGs ellipse is already extended around our galaxy, and the main cluster will pass through the galactic disc of the Milky Way in the next million years. The archer's best-known identity was that of a centaur, a beast with the upper body of a man and the lower body, hind legs, and tail of a horse. It is a very fast rotator, spinning with a speed of more than 200 kilometres per second, which is about 100 times faster than the Sun. The primary component, Arkab Prior A, is a B9 type main sequence dwarf with an apparent magnitude of 3.96, while the companion star, Arkab Prior B, is a class A3 dwarf with an apparent magnitude of 7.4. Messier 8 is one of only two nebulae that are star forming regions and can be seen by unaided eye. The sign of Sagittarius is associated with the greek myth of the centaur Chiron, who was the product of a union between a nymph and the god Cronus, who turned into horse to seduce her. The Arches Cluster is the densest open cluster known in the Milky Way. The cluster occupies an area of 2 of apparent sky. The brighter two components the Wolf-Rayet star and the class B companion are massive enough to be supernova candidates, with masses 10 and 20 times that of the Sun. The cluster has an apparent magnitude of 10.65 and lies 25,800 light years from Earth. The binary system has a combined apparent magnitude of 2.60. Located in the Galactic centre region, the Pistol Star lies approximately 25,000 light years from our solar system. The Omega Nebula has an apparent magnitude of 6.0 and is between 5,000 and 6,000 light years distant. The spiral structure Sagittarius A West appears like a three-arm spiral and is sometimes called the Minispiral. Presently, there exists another centaur heavenly body, Centaurus, who is accepted to be named Chiron. Phi Sagittarii is a B8 class giant approximately 231 light years from Earth. Ancient Greeks on the other hand had tremendous respect for horses. The galaxy is about 10,000 light years in diameter and it consists of four globular star clusters, the main one of which was discovered in 1994. The cluster was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. The neighboring constellations are Aquila, Capricornus, Corona Australis, Indus, Microscopium, Ophiuchus, Scutum, Scorpius, Serpens Cauda and Telescopium. As the stars interact with each other over time, lighter stars tend to pick up speed and migrate out toward the clusters edges, while the heavier stars slow and congregate in orbits toward the centre. In Babylonian mythology, Sagittarius is associated with the centaur-like god Nergal, and depicted with two heads one human and one panther and also wings, and the stinger of a scorpion positioned above a horses tail.
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