Keep in mind that Holstein comfort and care is different from colored cattle and when done right can improve profit. Buy only the number of animals that will fit within the square footage you have available. Next, multiply the cost per pound of diet by the feed to gain ratio. Corn Silage to Beef Calculator Always use a complete vaccine and animal health program. Limited Feed Intake Calculator That is a mixture of corn and 40% protien pellets. How do I get my company listed in your Buyers Guide? Sick animals will also be apparent as you get them up. Proof of feed purchases and/or award received may be required. Politically, last Novembers election flipped the House for Republicans but left the Senate in control of Democrats. As a result, most cattle on this operation graded AAA or AA at market. Holstein steers. Francis Fluharty, Professor, Department of Animal Sciences. JAVMA 209:814-818. I have seen too many situations where feedlots didnt implant a group because they were busy or forgot and now the group behind is doing better. South Carolina State Fair Columbia, SC Due to greater frame size and larger internal organs, a Holstein steers dry matter intake for feed is about 10-15 per cent greater as well. No reason they won't do 3lbs adg. From 300# on up to 1575# to 1625#. 83b`| YA McKenna, D. R., D. L. Roeber, P. K. Bates, T. B. Schmidt, D. S. Hale, D. B. Griffin, J. W. Savell, J. C. Brooks, J. Give us your email address to be notified when we publish new Nutrition Notes articles. Limit one membership per household, per email. Feeder Cattle Bid Calculator(Updated 9-27-21) You must have JavaScript enabled to enjoy a limited number of articles over the next 7 days. The content of this site is published by the site owner(s) and is not a statement of advice, opinion, or information pertaining to The Ohio State University. Thank you, your email will be added to the mailing list once you click on the link in the confirmation email. Sci. This results in feeding periods from 140 to 200 days, with an average daily gain of 3.4 to 3.9 lb/day with a feed to gain conversion of 5.6 to 6.4 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Long-term studies have not been conducted to specifically quantify the effects of no or insufficient colostrum on steer health or growth. One of our nutrition experts may be able to help. This calculation gives you the feed to gain ratio (feed required for 1.0 pound of gain). Use this Excel application to determine any marketing advantage from selling cattle on a quality grid over selling in the beef or live. The Exposition Des Moines, IA I own the corn, in the bins at $3.00 cost per bushel. Production systems and feedlot nutritional programs vary widely in the feedlot industry. 77:1120-1134. However, the feedlot manager and I solved this problem by adding extra limestone and a probiotic yeast to the feedlot TMR diet. is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_9').val();gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://www.grainews.ca/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg' );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [9, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_9').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [9]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_9').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_9').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [9, current_page]);} );} ); From choosing the right herbicide to buying and maintaining machinery -- the ultimate resource for help managing your grain or integrated farming operation. In the northeastern United States, a mix of beef breeds, crossbreeds, or dairy beef (mostly Holstein steers) are typically finished in feedlots. Rations for growing and finishing steers at 800 to 1,400 pounds. I would like to balance my own rations using High moisture corn, DDGS, haylage, corn silage, and a concentrate. #5. Knowing the cost per pound of gain is important so the producer can understand what these improvements (even a half pound difference) mean to profit. | Program and/or qualifying products may be modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Rate of Gain, Carcass, Showmanship, or Pen group winners are not eligible for awards. The Fertility Index is derived from the formula: FI = (.7 x DPR) + (.1 x CCR) + (.1 x HCR) + (.1 x EFC) Daughter Pregnancy Rate, Cow Conception Rate, Heifer Conception Rate and Early First Calving. Use of anabolic implants in Holstein steers yields a high return on investment. Years ago, I didnt think of Holstein steers as potentially profitable cattle, because I had a lot of misguided prejudices. one thing we were worried about was how clean it would stay and to are surprise it stays very clean. CATTLE FEEDING GUIDE Based on 500 lb. I want to run one myself because the feed salesmen/nutritionistscan't tell me why their ration is the best. | parameters from Holstein steers in the northern plains feedlots. Actually just the opposite John. The True Blue Club is open to legal residents of the United States and its territories and Canada at least 18 years of age except where prohibited by or restricted by law. Please contact site owner for help. Use the calculator on doboyfeeds.com. This steers carcass measurements indicate his carcass was average Choice and yield grade 3. Program available to US-based kennels who care for at least eight (8) or more dogs. if you are custom feeding for someone already, why no see if ya can "partner" on a group or two, that way you have some skin in the game and still get a yardage ck. I would start by checking with Stearns Co DHIA and see if they do it or who they could recommend. All Rights Reserved. 205-Day Weight Calculator What do we want in a good group of cattle? Animal was selected as the Breed/Division Reserve Grand Champion of the particular breed they were exhibiting in. With Holstein cattle, it is critical to feed as little long stemmed forage in the feedlot as possible, in order to reduce maintenance energy requirements, increase the energy density of the diet, and to increase the dressing percentage of carcasses. Comparison of dairy beef genetics and dietary roughage levels. While both groups had high percentages of lung lesions, the authors concluded that if an animal was sick enough to be identified as having a respiratory illness and treated, performance reduction had already occurred. They will be getting cornstalk bale bedding at $15 bale my cost to bale and haul in (i own). Developing feeding strategies to produce economically viable and consumer acceptable beef is critical to the advancement of the added-value meat industry. Who has a ration balancer for Holstein steers? Animals must be fed the recommended amounts through project completion. Castration by means of surgical removal of two testes is recommended. http://www.sheepgoatmarketing.org/beef/install_ccs.html. The procedure should be done carefully. Spam protection has stopped this request. The contract assumes a 61% yield, based on dressing percentage. There are two separate worksheets in the spreadsheet to develop the feed and fixed cost estimates.There is also a worksheet included that will focus on the cost associated with financing a cow calf operation. Contact us with questions. Sainz, R. D., F. De la Torre, and J. W. Oltjen. Note: We are aware that the Chrome browser causes difficulties with downloading these planners. Learn how Kent Performance Primer has proved successful. In addition to a worksheet with a basic budget, the spreadsheet allows the user to develop more specific feed and fixed cost estimates for a system. Yardage-Diesel Fuel Relationship (updated 3/9/22) As a feed additive, cant think of WHY,,but let your own milage determine same. I saw how well Holstein steers can perform if they are recognized as a different class of feedlot cattle compared to traditional beef breeds. National Jr Maine-Anjou Show Eastern States Exposition W Springfield, MA since we started getting some of the black. In the feedlot our average lately has been 7.46 to 1. Use this Excel-based tool to calculate the Adjusted 205-Day Weights on a contemporary group of calves. Indicates where feeders can be bought and hedged profitably. We feed 1.5# protien per day. Compensatory growth and carcass quality in growth restricted and refed beef steers. One way is to cull poor-doing cattle within a group. Phone: 515-294-BEEF (2333), With beef breeds, many steers go into the feedlot at 500 to 850 lb and reach their finished weight at 1200 to 1400 lb. Jackpot, Prospect or Open Show winners are not eligible for awards. A 200-300lb calf will not gain 3lbs a day. J. National Jr Angus Show National Jr American Salers Show Selection for these new traits will improve health and growth of calves and feed efficiency of cows. World Beef Expo Milwaukee, WI Top qualityHolstein bull calves will weigh about 90-115 pounds, withno evidence of disease such as scouring. The important thing to remember is that there are ways to improve efficiency, alter the composition of gain, improve carcass characteristics, and increase profit potential with appropriate feeding and management strategies. Use this Excel application for the evaluation of corn silage varieties in terms of beef productivity per acre. All Iowa Showdown Osceola, IA Awards earned in the current year may qualify. With a 12% higher maintenance energy requirement than colored cattle, this makes sense. I'm sure Iowa state has one also, and probably Nebraska. All federal, state and local laws and regulations apply. Producers can select starting weight, adjust futures or selling price, and change total cost of gain to determine breakeven prices customized for their situation. All federal, state and local laws and regulations apply. Only one (1) award will be presented per applicant. They need to be dry and clean to optimize efficiency. Sorry guys I just updated my profile. One of our nutrition experts may be able to help. Two steers were photographed to provide visual aid for readers. The goal in finishing Holstein steers is to produce carcasses weighing 850 to 950 pounds that qualify for USDA quality grades Choice or Prime. Total receipts: 720. Delaware State Fair Harrington, DE If there is a way to down load that here I would like to see that info too. I know very little about feeding cattle. EVERY PRODUCT. Relationships among treatment for respiratory tract disease, pulmonary lesions evident at slaughter, and rate of weight gain in feedlot cattle. im interested in this I did feed lime at one time but have stopped. 10-15 lbs.per day of corn, oats or barley fed to grazing cattle is a good finishing ration. It should be simple, just take the feed fed and divide it by the amount the steers gain. This endpoint is achieved only when a high-energy finishing diet, containing at least 0.62 Mcal net energy for gain per pound of dry matter, is fed from 770 pounds bodyweight to slaughter weight. Iowa State Fair Des Moines, IA In most grain-based diets, however, the NEg will not drop much below 54 Mcal/cwt. All rights reserved. | This can have impacts on animal health, growth rate, feed efficiency, and marbling as an animals passive immune transfer at birth may be an important factor in an animals susceptibility of bovine respiratory disease (Galyean et al., 1999). In ruminants, maintaining the digestive organs (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine) plus the liver and kidneys can take as much as 40 to 50% of the energy and 30 to 40% of the protein consumed in a day. Calculates the value per unit of energy for available feedstuffs as a first step in feed selection or purchase decisions. Peter Vitti is an independent livestock nutritionist and consultant based in Winnipeg. Over 95 percent of all operations have fewer than 1,000 head, but these small feedlots market around 15 percent of the cattle fed each year. First, they have slightly lower ADGs due to larger maintenance requirements. In their study, 78% of treated cattle had lung lesions at harvest, and 68% of untreated cattle had lung lesions at harvest. State Fair of West Virginia Lewisburg, WV Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle, National Beef Cattle Evaluation Consortium, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Beef Extension Program, Cash Flow Planning Tool for Transitioning from Conventional to Alternative Production Systems, Corn Coproduct Value for Finishing Cattle, Feedlot Cattle Phosphorous and Nitrogen Excretion Calculator, Feedlot Facility Economic Assessment Calculator. breeding done in the dairy industry. If you have problems get back on and I can give you a professors name to call. The annualconference brought together nearly 1,400 dairy producers and industry professionals for professional development and networking. Even the colored cattle can get gain benefits from alfalfa hay. This fed to a 900-1000 pound steer for 3-4 months should will you a nicely finished animal. What is the estimated feed conversion on a Holstein steer fed full feed of ground ear corn with commercial supplement making a 14% ration? The ultimate goal is production of a finished steer between 12 and 14 monthsold. Georgia National Fair Perry, GA All trademarks owned by Kent Nutrition Group, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries, affiliates or licensors. Georgia State Fair Macon, GA Please allow 6-8 weeks for processing. Using the hubbard ez beef ddgs mix. That chart confirms what KGG said, they should not be fed much past 1400# the conversion past 1200# is awful. Feeding Programs for Holstein Steers . I have a few on a self feeder. Slaughter steers and heifers traded unevenly steady on high choice and 1.00 lower on low choice and selects. The result is that grain is more digestible than forage, plus it decreases an animals maintenance requirement by resulting in less digestive organ mass, leaving more nutrients for muscle growth and fattening. 2023 Purina Animal Nutrition LLC. ]jK}K;HzH0irb' *:o\D,[R]}p]F/0UL. Sci. These two different studies show the type of consistency that can occur with Holstein steers that are fed a corn-based diet for long periods of time, without a long growing period using long-stemmed forage. With beef breeds, many steers go into the feedlot at 500 to 850 lb and reach their finished weight at 1200 to 1400 lb. Less momma cows means less calves, and less beef, produced. J. Anim. Now I advocate that Holstein steers can draw good revenue. NOTE: This is the second highest honor at various shows when an overall Reserve Grand Champion is not selected. Feed a starter phase diet of 0.56 to 0.60 Mcal net energy for gain per pound of dry matter followed by a grower phase diet of 0.56 to 0.62 Mcal net energy for gain per pound of dry matter and then a finisher phase diet of at least 0.62 up to 0.65 Mcal net energy for gain per pound of dry matter. CATTLE FEEDING GUIDE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MEDICATED Lifestyle Cattle Feeding Chart.pdf 1 2/11/14 8:37 AM. HWr8C?SMR$%ID[;U+ xda+)K"FwOO4~E@-( "Z9'X=(^Ra{i:u@7ZZ ,W[+5NU_>.R-((i[]96/~iYm#>oi{UAF\Op|Z^'}X$#I| However, the starting weight, diet energy density and implant program must receive forethought to avoid overweight or under-finished steers. Award-winning coverage of in-depth news and analysis to make your business more profitable. J. Anim. Hc```a``~ @16, #/~Lwn`@"L_\U&:(^ l\]{"#_Gy2.R21B)6`a`12 Bi) V11p=ijs)-,_lTfAt~1?jeZ Alfalfa haylage is GOOD. Feeding Holstein steers can be subdivided into distinct segments that provide management opportunities for thedairy farmer feeder or specialized feedlot operator to identify a niche that fits available feed resources, labor,facilities and marketing options. More easily "bored," they'll resort to sorting their feed, which can lead to metabolic problems. We use cookies to provide you with a better experience. All Rights Reserved. Lastly, also due to their large skeleton and vital organs, their dressing percentage is lower than your typical beef feedlot breeds. or cattle bloating been using bicarb,tm salt mag ox,selenium..thanks Dave. Batch Sheet This form is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Relatively recent research with Holstein cattle started as calves reported similar performance. NutriVantage will maintain intakes the last 30 days before slaughter, which is the time when appetite typically declines as cattle approach finish. stocker animal. Gorocica-Buenfil, M.A., F.L. Feed grade limestone. A high-quality backdrop color photograph must be provided. Holstein steers have a reputation for having a greater incidence of incomplete castration, resulting in stags. Advantages of this method are minimized yardage and interest expense on calf purchase cost, growth rate and gain efficiency are expressed to full genetic potential, and a high dressed yield of Choice or Prime at 1,400 to 1,450 pounds of bodyweight. Member must provide valid and accurate personal information when enrolling in the program. The ideal live weight finished Holstein steers should achieve with 28 percent body fat is 1,400 to 1,550 pounds. I guess I dont QUITE understand your question. In a study with Holstein steers fed a corn silage based growing diet and a corn based finishing diet, and fed for an average of 265 days, the average daily gain was 3.58 lb/day with a conversion of 5.7 lb of feed per pound of gain on a DM basis. 41 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 43 /H [ 1002 357 ] /L 131968 /E 65925 /N 5 /T 131030 >> endobj xref 41 30 0000000016 00000 n 0000000947 00000 n 0000001359 00000 n 0000001528 00000 n 0000001724 00000 n 0000002884 00000 n 0000003417 00000 n 0000003773 00000 n 0000004929 00000 n 0000006275 00000 n 0000008766 00000 n 0000008788 00000 n 0000009071 00000 n 0000010235 00000 n 0000011402 00000 n 0000011680 00000 n 0000019731 00000 n 0000026139 00000 n 0000038740 00000 n 0000038816 00000 n 0000039009 00000 n 0000039119 00000 n 0000039194 00000 n 0000049419 00000 n 0000049533 00000 n 0000049642 00000 n 0000049756 00000 n 0000065681 00000 n 0000001002 00000 n 0000001338 00000 n trailer << /Size 71 /Info 40 0 R /Root 42 0 R /Prev 131020 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 42 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 39 0 R >> endobj 69 0 obj << /S 182 /T 273 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 70 0 R >> stream In all feedlot systems, one of the most critical management areas is animal health. Kent and Blue Seal Sentinel Extruded A similarly finished Holstein steer is shown in Figure 2). Accomplishing this goal requires acknowledgement Holsteins have a large skeletal growth potential. These are characteristics of a body condition score of 7, coinciding with the fat content of carcasses that qualify for the USDA Choice quality grade. Table 2. sorry I kind of jumbled things together all im asking is how much feed lime you would add to a ton of feed. and in my opinion is a great high protein hay source. I like pushing them hard and sending them out a little lighter. All Rights Reserved. Tennessee State Fair Nashville, TN Lots of guys feed that tho,but think about it,definitely so. Holstein steers traded steady on high choice and 1. . They get them on a very hot ration of grain, I thought I remember reading they cut out almost all forage in the ration. Cattle Breakeven Calculator Cattle Weekly Projected Breakeven Calculator The Purina Cattle Breakeven Calculator is intended as a tool to allow producers to estimate profitability or loss when finishing cattle. I think might be even latter versions by now. This product will produce extra gain and enhanced feed efficiency the last 30 days prior to harvest. Several studies have also demonstrated that most Holstein steers finish with enough backfat cover to grade desirable AAA or AA. Team Purebred Mid-South Regional Greenwood, MS So, if a steer consumed feed from 400 lb to 1,400 lb (1000 lb of body weight gain) it would consume 500 lb more feed. Missouri Cattlemans Association Jr. Cattlemen Show Sedalia, MO Kent Show Feeds, Kent, and/or Blue Seal feed(s) must be the only feed fed. However, such insufficiency is reported to have similar long-term negative consequences for dairy heifer calves. I have had to revamp the gates and fence. Member must provide valid and accurate personal information when enrolling in the program. This Holstein steer yardage survey focused on overhead , labor/management, bedding, and direct . Program and/or qualifying products may be modified or discontinued at any time without notice. Corn Coproduct Value for Finishing Cattle North American Int. Animal was selected as the overall Grand Champion of the Show and competed against all breed winners to receive this honor. Feedlot Cattle Phosphorous and Nitrogen Excretion Calculator . Lehmkuhler, J. W. and M. H. Ramos. 2007. When using the Contract Comparison Tool, consider the expected weekly Choice/Select spread price for the delivery month of your cattle by checking out the 5-year average for the weekly Choice/Select spread price. The Backgrounding Breakeven Calculator contains Microsoft Excel spreadsheet budgets and a breakeven purchase-price estimator. The per-pound cost of the cattle (we recommend using a . Based on this bunk reading, an amount of diet should be offered that will be eaten by the pen of cattle within the succeeding 24 hours, with only crumbs of diet remaining. I will be feeding them on self feeders. If you do not have access to pasture or if you are finishing during the winter, you might increase the amount of grain to 15-18 lbs. Fifth Third MI State Fair (sheep and goats) Novi, MI Since respiratory disease impacts growth, meat characteristics, and marbling, management and nutritional practices that keep cattle from becoming sick is very important because diagnosis of cattle with respiratory diseases is very difficult, and diagnosis at the feedlot level does not have a close correlation with lung lesions associated with respiratory illness. Since Holsteins constitute 86 percent of the dairy cow population, Holstein steers and the few finished Holstein heifers are 13.9 percent of the fed steer and heifer supply. To reach him call 204-254-7497 or by email at [emailprotected], Cattle prices in Manitoba continue strong, Terms and Conditions | Privacy Policy | 2023, Glacier FarmMedia Limited Partnership. But that is the figure our close out sheets have been averaging and the figure we use. They also consume approximately 7% more feed than beef steers, as reported in an excellent online publication from the University of Minnesota (https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu/wbic/files/2010/11/Holstein-Feeding-Programs-MN.pdf) that outlines the nutritional requirements of Holstein cattle at various stage of growth. The steer in Figure 1displays uniform fat coverage over the ribs, brisket fullness and modest fat pones on both sides of the tailhead. The space required for an enclosed bedded pack barn for finishing cattle is 35 ft 2 /head. In general, dairy steers have a dressing percentage between 55 to 62%, with an average of 58 to 60%, compared with beef steers that normally range between 58 to 65%, with an average of 62 to 64%. New York State Fair Syracuse, NY Use this Excel application to determine phosphorus and nitrogen excretion / fertilizer value in manure from feeding distillers grains from different ethanol plants. Guidance to ensure optimal feeding results for your cattle the right feed and the right amounts. Only awarded for select state and national shows. Galyean, M. L., L. J. Perino, and G. C. Duff. I don't have problems with the self feeder. South Dakota State Fair Huron, SD New #AnimalNutrition research: Animal scientists investigate the metabolome of purulent materials of liver abscesses from crossbred #cattle and Holstein steers fed finishing diets with or without in-feed tylosin https://bit.ly/422VVyj #JournalofAnimalScience #AgScience. More info needed. Georgia National Livestock Show & Rodeo Perry, GA Livestock Exposition (NAILE) Louisville, KY Wisconsin State Fair West Ellis, WI With Holstein cattle, reducing maintenance energy costs through feeding a highly-digestible, grain based diet will improve the efficiency of gain, carcass characteristics, and allow animals to achieve a USDA Choice carcass, while reducing the chance of discounts for carcasses that are too heavy. Try this link I know it says sheep and goats but this is a link to cattle systems ration program from Cornell U it should be what you are looking for hopefully it may have gotten a little more user friendly since I had down loaded CCS4. Thanks for the input. I think they do better than the chart says from 200-400# but conversion is close. In January, 2016 according to the USDA, there were 30.3 million beef cows and 9.3 million dairy cows. Limit one award per calendar year. Holsteins have thin hides so more shelter is needed Allow calves to choose location which is dry and draft-free Vented roof ridges for escape of humidity Treat for removal of internal and external parasites Feeding the Weaned Calf Objective: Sell calf at 350 lbs Maximize growth rate Minimize ownership time and interest expense Next, multiply the cost per pound of diet by the feed to gain ratio. Mid-South Fair Southaven, TN Bottom Line: In conclusion, feedlot nutrition and management are constantly evolving. Holstein Exam Steer ple Finished- Carcass JBSPackerland,Green arch18,2016 BaseUSDAQualityand Bay,WI Yield Grade: Price Grid Ch& Base ("par") weight: 7501,000 lbs Ch & YG3: $2.06/lb carc Prime:+$0.08 Select:$0.09 Standard:$0.35 YG1&2:+$0.00 Stag:$0.35 Over30mo: Darkcutter: 10011050lbs: 10511100lbs: YG3 $0.35 $0.35 $0.10 $0.15 The size By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance with our. All federal, state and local laws and regulations apply. Interaction of cattle health/immunity and nutrition. This is another way Purina is dedicated to helping our producers feed greatness, and get the most out each and every animal. This article investigates designing and using cattle grazing, When stress happens it often impacts livestock in more than one way, such as feed intake, maintenance requirements, and even health status. It is hard on potential profit when you have a 600-lb feeder steer worth $600+ die because you wanted to save $1.00 by skipping a clostridial shot upon arrival! Why can I only see so many articles before I have to register for the site? Learn how to use the calculator here. Sire Selection Index Calculator (Register for access) Throwing some ideas around, +1 on the sirloin builder. North Carolina State Fair Raleigh, NC All Rights Reserved. As there head gets bigger and its more akward to bend there head, don now I get what you are saying just did not understand the way it was posted. Program available to US-based kennels who care for at least eight (8) or more dogs.
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