As David Firth argues, this was probably "only one encampment was attacked, it would explain why Amalek continued to pose problem later" (1 & 2 Samuel, Downers Grove, IL/Nottingham, UK: InterVarsity/Apollos, 2009). [14][15] An earlier hypothesis held that the Tel Masos site was an Israelite settlement mentioned in the Bible as Hormah. Assuming that everyone who died in the city of Amalek equates to the entire Amalek nation being exitinct is like assuming you've met every single American that exists upon visiting New York. 6 Where was Moses holding up his arms during the Battle of Refidim? Although Samuel alludes to Amalek's provocation of Israel, "in opposing them on the way, when they came up out of Egypt" (15:2), there is no mention of the battle of Rephidim and of the victorious war of Moses and Joshua. In which made it possible for Haman the Agagite [descendant of Agag] to appear (Esther 3:1); his cruel plot against the Jews could only be counteracted by another descendant of Kish, Mordecai. The battle (or the main one) was waged in "the wadi," by which is perhaps meant the Wadi of Egypt (cf. According to the allusion in verse 41, it is possible to say that the destruction of the survivors of Amalek took place during the reign of Hezekiah. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Rashi explains the third commandment: From man unto woman, from infant unto suckling, from ox unto sheep, so that the name of Amalek not be mentioned even with reference to an animal by saying "This animal belonged to Amalek". 11 And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zeph. It seems that somehow or other, an Amalekite or two continued to survive and their theme always seems to be the destruction of the Jewish people: Aka Haman. The Amalekites were descendants of Esau. Thus, in 1 Samuel 15:3, it was considered necessary to destroy the livestock in order to destroy Amalek.[32]. and more. 14:45). This principle is further illustrated in terms of Jesus response to the persecution of the church by Saul in Acts 8 and 9. (2) The injunction "Remember" does not enjoin us to recall the evil actions of others but rather our own. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The Edomites themselves survived beyond the time of Jesus. In other words, those Amalekites who lived in the area mentioned, and who adhered closely to Agag, may have been wiped out; but those who lived elsewhere could have survived or blended in with other Edomite groups. If hypothetically Paris were to be invaded and all the Parisians were killed, but Paris infrastructure was still usable, would it be too much to consider another group of people move in? When those privileged to enter the eternal kingdom express surprise over the grace being shown to them, Jesus says: Truly, I say to you, as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me. (Matthew 25:40 ESV). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. It is entirely consistent with the overall storyline and theology of the Bible. Counting and finding real solutions of an equation, tar command with and without --absolute-names option. Does a password policy with a restriction of repeated characters increase security? Id say yes, if I had to guess. R. 26:3). This is perhaps the most widely ignored command in the Bible. Samuel executed their king Agag (1 Sam 15) because Saul had not! It is difficult to imagine that Mt. This principle remains active throughout the entire Old Testament. The name Amalek is not mentioned in writings outside the Bible. [1 Chronicles 4] The mention of Haman the 'Agagite' [Esther 3.1] as the villain in the book of Esther provides further food for thought at a much later period. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". It was only the Amalekite army who were destroyed (apart from King Agag). The Arabians mention Imlik, Amalik, or Ameleka among the aborigines of Arabia, the remains of which were mingled with the descendants of Qahtan (Joktan) and Adnan and became Mostarabs or Mocarabes, that is, Arabians mixed with foreigners. According to the Midrash, the Amalekites were sorcerers who could transform themselves to resemble animals, in order to avoid capture. Amalek, a son of Esau's son Eliphaz, was presumably the eponymous ancestor of the Amalekites. A similar expression occurs in the description of the much wider range of the Ishmaelites: "From Havilah, by Shur, which is east of (or close to) Egypt, etc." Updates? The Amalekites were a people of the Negev and adjoining desert that were a hereditary enemy of Israel from wilderness times to the early monarchy. While the Jews were still in Rephidim, the Amalekites, a mightily and fierce people, descendants of Esau, and well-trained in the art of warfare, suddenly attacked the people of Israel.It was an unprovoked and cowardly attack upon a tired and weary people, just liberated from slavery, on the way to their homeland. Just as the weeds are gathered and burned with fire, so will it be at the end of the age. This demonstrates again Israels strong antipathy to Amalek. Do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey. (1 Samuel 15:23 ESV). [3] For "the enemy comes only on account of sin and transgression" (ibid.). The Amalekites provide an explanation for the irrational and intense hatred for Jews that echoes through human history. Nur Masalha, Elliot Horowitz, and Josef Stern suggest that Amalekites have come to represent an "eternally irreconcilable enemy" that wants to murder Jews, that Jews in post-biblical times sometimes associate contemporary enemies with Haman or Amalekites, and that some Jews believe that pre-emptive violence is acceptable against such enemies. 3. ). As a people, the Amalekites were identified as a recurrent enemy of the Israelites. In the biblical traditions, Israel, after sinning through cowardice and lack of faith as a result of the discouraging report of the spies, turned around and "defiantly marched to the crest of the hill country" (Num. In this particular case, therefore, YHWH, who according to Exodus 17:16 had sworn eternal enmity to Amalek, permitted Amalek to defeat Israel, but, since He had specifically warned Israel against this particular undertaking, there is no real contradiction between Exodus 17:16 and Numbers 14:45. Moses goes on to command that for this wicked treatment of an oppressed people, Israel later, when in the land of Canaan, was to exterminate the Amalekites (Deut 25:19). 15:15 ASV). Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 30:17,18 ASV). [24], By the 19th century, there was strong support by Western theologians for the idea that the nation of Amalek could have flourished before the time of Abraham. He who has ears, let him hear. (Matthew 13:4043 ESV). (I Samuel Human sin affects absolutely everything that it touches. Perhaps, the statement where Saul struck the Amalekites from Havilah to Shur is hyperbolical. There may have been multiple enclaves of Amalekites scattered throughout the Sinai peninsula. This is the sequence taught by Jesus himself: Just as the weeds are gathered and burned with fire, so will it be at the end of the age. In 1 Samuel 13 and 1 Samuel 15, for which act of Saul's disobedience did God take away the kingdom? [28] While considerable knowledge about nomadic Arabs has been recovered through archeological research, no specific artifacts or sites have been linked to Amalek with any certainty. Amalekites had taken; and David rescued his two wives. They Amalekites ranged fairly widely, having originated as one of the Edomite tribes. The new inhabitants are now referred to as Samarians. Shengold Books. Their supposed founder was one Esau's sons, namely Amalek. servant of an Amalekite (30:11-15), found the Amalekite camp, defeated the enemy, and recovered his wives and possessions (30:16-20). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. King David fought several battles with the Amalekites (1 Sam 27:8, 30:1, 17, 18). According to I Samuel 15:7, "Saul defeated the Amalekites from Havilah all the way to Shur, which is east of (or close to) Egypt." Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 1 Samuel 15:15 says: And Saul said, They have brought them from the Amalekites: for the To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Suppose something similar occurred here, the Amalekites were completely killed off and some neighbors seeing the Amalekite cities empty sought to take advantage, moves in and became a people. It has no lasting place in his creation. Hence the meaning of the name in this context is not merely geographic (Judg. 1 Samuel said to Saul, "I am the one the Lord sent to anoint you king over his people Israel; so listen now to the message from the Lord. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Shur is on the edge of Egypt; Havilah is in Saudi Arabia. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 24:18, 20). Parisians maybe? That Amaleks unrelenting and destructive spirit and action against God and the cause of His people Israel was heinous to the Lord is seen later in the reminder to Saul concerning these wilderness incidents and in Gods command that the king is to destroy these God-defying Amalekites (1 Sam 15:2, 3; cf. Also, the text describes "king Agag and his people" as being destroyed. Start your free trial today. The line of promise thus becomes the locus of blessing and cursing in the world. The immediate reason given for the destruction of the Amalekites in 1 Samuel 15 is given in verse 2: Thus says the LORD of hosts, I have noted what Amalek did to Israel in opposing them on the way when they came up out of Egypt. In the wilderness wanderings. 1 Samuel 15 Easy-to-Read Version Saul Destroys the Amalekites 15 One day Samuel said to Saul, "The Lord sent me to anoint you king over his people Israel. According to the Midrash, the Amalekites were sorcerers who could transform themselves to resemble animals, in order to avoid capture. Amalek is described as the "chief of Amalek" among the "chiefs of the sons of Esau," from which it is assumed that he ruled a clan or territory named after him . On what basis are pardoning decisions made by presidents or governors when exercising their pardoning power? The flood did not just destroy rebellious adult men and women it killed everything and everyone not in the ark. The term "city of Amalek" is not to be understood literally, and it is possible that it means a fortified camp. Why do you think they all lived in that city? - Amalek & Israel - Land & People - The Amalekites & the Kenites - In the Aggadah. The Book of Exodus relates that Joshua fought against Amalek under the inspiration of Moses, who was supported by Aaron and Hur, and that he mowed them down with the sword. In Genesis 2:15-17 we are told: The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. Rather in Numbers 24:20 Amalek as first is to be understood as its being the first among the nations to attack Israel in her Exodus experiences (cf. Horeb. When the nation was weak and vulnerable the Amalekites attacked the weakest and most vulnerable of the nation ( Deuteronomy 25:18 ). This is seen by observing the Kenites who lived with the Amalekites at the city of Amalek (1 Sam 15:5, 6) and that they earlier had taken up this residence with the people in the region of the Negeb near Arad (Judg 1:16), which was only about twenty m. S of Hebron. 17:14). 6:17 ff.). Now go and strike Amalek and devote to destruction all that they have. also Judg 10:12). [30][31], According to the Midrash, the Amalekites were sorcerers who could transform themselves to resemble animals, in order to avoid capture. They were among the nomadic raiders defeated by Gideon and were condemned to annihilation by Samuel. [4] Amalek is described as the "chief of Amalek" among the "chiefs of the sons of Esau",[5] from which it is surmised that he ruled a clan or territory named after him. However, Saul himself can hardly have advanced as far as the borders of Egypt (and if this Havilah is the same as that in Gen. 10:7, 29 Arabia as well). [56]John Gill also describes the cherem as an example of the law of retaliation being carried out. In the biblical genealogical system, Amalek is the son of Esau's son Eliphaz by Eliphaz's concubine Timna (Gen. 36:12). It shows that Saul's claim that he had destroyed all the Amalekites was quote false and hollow. Amalekites are presented as descendants of Amalek, a grandson of Esau. Haman was "the son of Hammedatha the Agagite" ( Esther 3:1 ), probably directly descended from the Amalekite king Samuel killed. Can you still use Commanders Strike if the only attack available to forego is an attack against an ally? David Matthew George Easton advocated that the Amalekites were not descendants of Amalek by taking a literal approach to Genesis 14:7. After Rephidim, the next major encounter with Amalek came following the report of the spies to Israel that the enemy to the N of Kadesh-barnea in the wilderness of Paran in S Canaan, including the Amalekite forces which dwelt in the land of the Negeb, were too strong to conquer, despite the pleadings of Caleb and Joshua to the contrary (Num 13:25-33; 14:38). God hates it when the strong take cruel advantage over the weak, especially when the weak are His people. [24][25] It is, however, possible that the name Amalek may have been given to two different nations. 25:19 Not to forget Amalek's atrocities and ambush on our journey from Egypt in the desert, Some commentators have discussed the ethical deficiency of the commandment to exterminate all the Amalekites, especially including the command to kill children, and the presumption of collective punishment. William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1991. What is the Russian word for the color "teal"? First, God gave the Amalekites 400 years to repent before He judged them of . What was the reason for David to leave no man or women alive? 43 Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. The command itself leaves little room for compassion or mercy: Thus says the LORD of hosts, I have noted what Amalek did to Israel in opposing them on the way when they came up out of Egypt. I'd be interested if that Amalekite bloodline still survives aka Hitler etc. Both Joshua and Moses are a prophetic picture of Yeshua the Messiah. This was because Haman was considered to be an Amalekite although this label is more likely to be symbolic rather than literal.[37][38][39]. 1 Sam. The Good News of the Gospel is that because of the person and work of Jesus, all human beings may receive the free gift of God which is eternal life. According to the Bible, Amalek was the son of Eliphaz (himself the son of Esau, ancestor of the Edomites) and Eliphaz's concubine Timna. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 30:14). The Amalekites were not completely destroyed by Saul, since at the end of his reign they were still raiding the Negev of the Cherethites, of Judah, and of Caleb, and the town of Ziklag, that had been assigned by King Achish of Gath to David (I Sam. In Jewish folklore, the Amalekites are considered to be the symbol of evil. In Judaism, the Amalekites came to represent the archetypal enemy of the Jews. When wicked human beings exercise dominion, everything they touch is cursed. [50], Maimonides explains that the commandment to destroy the nation of Amalek requires the Jewish people to peacefully request that they accept upon themselves the Seven Laws of Noah and pay a tax to the Jewish kingdom. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. How to Make a Black glass pass light through it? In rabbinic literature, the reasons for the unusual eternal remembrance of Amalek are the following: (1) Amalek is the irreconcilable enemy and it is forbidden to show mercy foolishly to one wholly dedicated to the destruction of Israel (PR 12:47). d. Jethro visits and watches Moses Judge the people and offers Moses advice. Though the Amalekites are not mentioned in the table of nations in Genesis 10, in Numbers 24:20 they are referred to as "first among the nations.". By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. After the victories of Saul and David the Amalekites ceased to be a factor of any influence in the border regions of Judah and the Negev, just as the Midianites had after the war of Gideon. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It is also customary to recite Deuteronomy 25:1718 (see below) on the Shabbat before Purim. That principle is immediately illustrated later in the chapter. [12] They appear to have lived a nomadic or seminomadic lifestyle along the fringes of southern Canaan's agricultural zone. Perhaps the author merely wishes to define the normal range of the nomadic Amalekites in the time of Saul. You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. 599 Deut. When the Israelites left Egypt and set out toward Canaan (see Exodus 17:8 ff. The Gospel is going forth to all nations and when it has done, then the end will come. In the Book of Exodus, the Amalekites attacked the Children of Israel on their journey to the land of Israel. How old was David when he fought Goliath? In Judaism, the Amalekites came to represent the archetypal enemy of the Jews. (Some scholars (Edeleman in Bibliography) have argued that there was a northern Amalekite enclave adjoining Ephraimite territory.) The Amalekites were a people of the Negev and adjoining desert that were a hereditary enemy of Israel from wilderness times to the early monarchy. In Jewish history the Amalekitesa tribe with genocidal intentions against God's peoplecame to symbolize all those who sought to eradicate the Jewish people, from Titus to Hadrian, Khmelnitsky to Hitler. Origen of Alexandria is sometimes cited as having viewed the herem passages allegorically; Hofreiter argues that although Origen viewed a spiritual interpretation as having primary importance to Christians, he did not deny that the herem passages described historical events.
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