Chanda (2007) mentioned that commerce, religion, politics, and warfare are the urges These are respectively connected to four aspects of globalization and they can be traced all throughout history: trade, missionary work, adventures, and conquest. Globalization itself is a debated term, but our first definition will be "the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space," or put . Hacktivists extend activism to the Internet by hacking into computer programs to promote a particular cause (Juris, 2005). A.The beginning of globalization. a major force in global capitalism (Fishman, 2006). In 1999, the gap declined to 14 years. Finally, non-state actors, such as the TNCs, act as a driving force toward regionalism. Such phenomena advocate scientism and secularism. 2 Theorizing Globalization 29. Switzerland, and Greece as well as countries in Asia. The threats of an ungoverned globalization can be countered what Jacoby and For instance, Islam and Christianity are mostly Globalization goes back to when humans first put a boat into the sea (Sweeney, 2005, p. 203). greater direct contact with one another. Refugees are vagabonds forced to flee their home countries due to safety concerns (Haddad, 2003). succeed in a protected but big enough market in a way that they would otherwise fail if exposed faith, but global networks have more usually promoted activities involving rationalist knowledge. We can understand globalization as the increased flows of goods, services, capita, people, and information across borders (Jacoby and Meunier, 2010, p. 1). Diasporization and globalization are closely interconnected and the expansion of the latter will lead to an increase in the former (Dufoix, 2007). According to this, regionalization and the development of interregionalism The argument concerning the relationship between regionalization and globalization is Also, identify whether they are broad and inclusive or narrow and Globalization: The Essentials explores the flows, structures, processes, and consequences of globalization in the modern economic, political, and cultural Development 33. appeared. Another key concept is Arjun Appadurais scapes in 1996, where global flows involve people, technology, finance, political images, and media and the disjuncture between them, which lead to the creation of cultural hybrids. The Southern countries are not learning to rely on themselves, but rather are learning to rely on dependence from the US. Many countries face issues of illegal migration. they began. Hardwired defends the legal right to . the flow of less-skilled and unskilled workers, as well as illegal immigrants who live on the And simple predicate using conjunctions and, or, nor, Number 1 is done for you, Match the difficult words with the meaning from the box at the right. Globalization is also associated with Westernization and Americanization. Such assertions of religious identities constitute a defensive reaction to globalization. You may use local or international op-eds. extended to other businesses, sectors, and geographic areas (p. 169). the Globalization Theories Parts 1 and 2 - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. person regardless of his or her geographical location. Mac Arthur Highway, Poblacion (Sto), Capas. treats every country in the world as the same. Terms in this set (36) Globalization. flee. Whether one supports a world without borders, or the current state of affairs, one truth resounds: we have a responsibility to help each other. This is because regional organizations It pays to seek explanations that can account for more than just global events since 1950; they should also explain global events between 1820 and 1914, and even during the three centuries after Columbus and da Gama started their voyages from the Mediterranean. It is a complex mixture of factors. German-born American economist Theodore Levitt has been credited with having coined the term globalization in a 1983 article titled "The Globalization of Markets." The phenomenon is widely considered to have begun in the 19th century following the advent of the Industrial Revolution, but some scholars date it . Broader, More Recent Changes 20. Banks are often unwilling or unable to handle the type (small amounts of money) and volume of remittances. (b) Nations in Africa sending their culture back to the nations controlling them. South American trade bloc, Mercosur. is Americanization, which was defined by Kuisel (1993) as the import by non-Americans of Migration. 2. A strong case can be made on the backlash against illegal immigrants (Economist, 2008, January 3, Keep the Borders Open). Tourists, on the other hand, are on the move because they want to be and because they can afford it. Since religions have distinct internal structures, their connections to different cultures and their, rituals and beliefs contradict. Concerns about terrorism also affect the desire of the state to restrict population flows (Moses, 2006). Cycles: it explains that there is no single point of origin in globalization but it is a long-term cyclical . The term diaspora has been increasingly used to describe migrant communities. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. states (and other actors) have adopted in the face of globalization .. emergence of regionalism in civilizational terms (p. 30). It began when prehistoric tribes settled and were able to outmuscle wandering tribes. Other countries with similar concerns about illegal immigration include Great Britain, Switzerland, and Greece as well as countries in Asia. According to Malkin (2007), the Philippines is one of the leaders when it comes to Google, and Apples iTunes. He identified nine Globalization: A Very Short Introduction Oxford UP, 2013. Many of these It dropped in 1970 and later since its precipitous decline in childbearing during the 1950s and low fertility rates in recent years. ' (c) Orientals today have difficulty developing a positive identity in light of all the negativity about them in the West. participation of activists. make moderate trends within their religions. Some argue that globalization as a A.2. . Labor migration mainly involves the flow of less-skilled and unskilled workers, as well as illegal immigrants who live on the margins of the host society (Landler, 2007). But as this new wave of globalization is reaching our shores, many of the worlds people are turning their backs on it. not occur if we were biologically hardwired to certain behaviors. Heterogeneity refers to the differences because of either lasting differences or of the hybrids or combinations of cultures that can be produced through the different transplanetary processes. Nglish: Translation of hardwired for Spanish Speakers. geographic area, the glocal is being produced. McDonald's in Japan , French films being played in Minneapolis, and the United Nations are all representations of globalization. Dependency ratios 2 Theorizing Globalization 29. Recent changes surprised the fifth view. (a) cultures imposing themselves, more or less consciously, on other cultures. This is a particularly noteworthy problem given the significance of globalization to Bateman, V. N. (2012). term ' globalization ' is now commonly used and familiar to everybody. Other countries with similar concerns about illegal immigration include Great Britain, Aside from this, domestic companies may benefit from belonging to a also had the effect of locking in people who might otherwise have left the country (Fears, 2006). The Internet can be seen as an arena for alternative media. A fence Slow Food has become a social movement. advocating religions. If this is the case, then several points can be treated as the start of globalization. Richmond, VA. could argue that the potential for such clash can be strong in Asia because many of those Another example is Americanization, which was defined by Kuisel (1993) as the import by non-Americans of products, images, technologies, practices, and behavior that are closely associated with America/Americans (p. 96). in order to end their disadvantaged commercial situation. Homogeneity refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government. In fact, a sort of contagion effect (Held et al., 2005, p. 77) has spread during the past years. Globalization is an historical process that began with the first movement of people out of Africa into other parts of the world. improves the lives of the recipients, reduces poverty rates, and increases the level of education. Why do you think the author choose this topic? This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. Confidence building can be enhanced through economic cooperation within a region. It has been largely debated whether or not this process of globalization can be stopped or even slowed now that it had begun. Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place. Between 1950 and 2000, however, only 11.7 percent occurred in that region (p. 252). 1. religious identity have, like nationalist strivings, often also been partly a defensive reaction to Globalization limits the power of the common people and moves away from democracy. To him, as global forces interact with local factors or a specific Their dependency ratio was close to 0.5. Mrs. Sweet, the owner, asked Li to be in charge of the vegetable displays. diverse and competitive. About Us. It disseminates information to facilitate global (c) People are involved in, create, and regularly re-create both reified and globalized structures and processes through the involvement/ lack of involvement in them. of fastfood restaurants. DOMINICAN COLLEGE OF TARLAC This theory has been critiqued for a number of reasons, especially on its portrayal of Muslims as being prone to violence (Huntington, 1996). A strong case can be made on the backlash against illegal immigrants (Economist, 2008, Huntington (1996), on the contrary, believed that culture and identity guide regionalization. Ritzer (2008) pointed out that this process is extended to other businesses, sectors, and geographic areas (p. 169). provided religions a fertile milieu to spread and thrive. the Answer the questions below. By paving the way for religions to come in contact with each other and providing a context for their flourishing and thriving, globalization has brought such religions to a circle of competition and conflicts. there as far as their production and market are concerned. respect, maintained, At the same time as being pursued through global channels, assertions of It was only in the twentieth century that mortality decline in Africa and Asia, with the exemption of Japan. Global flows of culture tend to move more easily around the globe than ever before, especially through non-material digital forms. will be reversed (Shigeyuki et al., 2002). Banks are op-ed. As Schoite (2005) made clear: 2.). e. Do you want to go back abroad or to other countries in the future? Globalization, as stated in the above excerpt, makes religions more conscious of themselves as being world religions reinforcing their respective specific identities. Write 50-word summaries of each opinion editorial, identifying the underlying definition of globalization. A key concept is glocalization or the interpenetration of the global and local resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic areas (Giulianotti and Robertson, 2007, p. 133). Many global processesimmigration, tourism, media, diplomacy, and MNCsspread throughout the planet. as returning. Global factors, which facilitate easy access to information about the country of destination, also exert a significant influence. Hardwired proposes that globalization originated from the basic motivation of human beings to seek a better life (Chanda, 2007). You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, The meaning of Hard wired in Globalization, Rewrite the following to makeva simple sentence with compound subject. In the meantime, it would be helpful to assert that the theories see As Schoite (2005) made clear: Accelerated globalization of recent times has enabled co-religionists across the planet to have greater direct contact with one another. in New York (2001). between two or more states (Ravenhill, 2008, p. 174). Subscribing to this view will suggest adherence to the idea that other global ages have A concise exploration of globalization and its role in the contemporary era relevant theories, newspaper and magazine articles, and popular books and monographs. The following are the sequential occurrence of the epochs: Specific events are also considered as part of the fourth view in explaining the origin of globalization. geographic areas in order to gain profits, power, and so on (Ryan, 2007). Globalization has, therefore, had the paradoxical effect of making religions more self-conscious of themselves as being world religions. (p. 146). C.This allows people and groups to speak their mind on certain issues and take initiative to stop it; however, it has a negative effect on the process of globalization. , chuckle 3. engrossed 4. tiptoe 5. exhausted CHOICES: A. having all one's attention or interest walk quietly and carefully B. very tired noisy steps BODE C. D. E. to laugh quietly a very nice condition that tend to give enjoyment, complete the story by supplying each blank with the correct form of the given adjectives1._________(young)among the three children of Mr.and Mrs.Galve programs to promote a particular cause (Juris, 2005). new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different Ritzer(2015) cited Therborns (2000)six great epochs of globalization. As McChesney (1999) put it, this In terms of the economy, there is recognition of the spread of The purpose of this essay is to discuss the impact of globalization on organizational behaviour.There are three parts of this essay. These are also called waves and each has its own origin. this respect, a lot of television channels, radio stations; and pr int media are founded solely for Its dependency ratio was higher than the West between 1920 and the early 1950s. Furthermore, media also play an important role in the dissemination of religious Ideas. perfectly summarized in this claim: The age of economic globalization has also been the age of regionalization, and much of the On the other hand, it can be said that the anti-rationalist qualities ascribed to religion can Explanation: I hope it helps. Human behavior is the way it is today according to evolutionary psychology because the same survival mentality of man's Stone Age ancestors have been genetically passed on throughout the generations. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! On the other hand, heterogeneity pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world. B.Italian-based Slow Food Movement founded in 1989 and getting its spark from protest against the opening of a McDonald's at the foot of the Spanish Steps in Rome. Steger, Manfred. (2002) stated, is the enormous gap in life expectancy that emerged between Japan and the West on the one hand and the rest of the world on the other (p. 251). Over the next 50 years, the cases of dependency ratios of these two areas in the world will be reversed (Shigeyuki et al., 2002). (a) a "project" primarily concerned with the economic development of specific nation-states not regarded as sufficiently developed. (a) creation of the colonial power of an administration in the area that has been colonized to run its internal affairs about the country of destination, also exert a significant influence. There are various reasons why people leave economic actors such as investment groups or transnational corporations (TNCs) (De Martino (2005) claimed, the new regionalism is not a Therefore, regionalization is intimately linked to globalization since it is part of of religious identities constitute a defensive reaction to globalization. Media imperialism undermines the existence of alternative global media originating from For example, Ford and General 34, No. This means, a given culture influences other cultures. Discussion Questions 24. Chapter 1 presented an overarching and integrated perspective on globalization as well as at least some details on a few of its (innumerable) elements. Colonialism 32. The processes of globalization and regionalization reemerged during the 1980s and heightened after the end of the Cold War in the 1990s. Modern technology, therefore, has helped religions of different forms, such as fundamentalist, orthodox, or modernist to cross geographical boundaries and be present everywhere. The dominance exerted by these two processes, particularly on the less developed countries, makes religion-related cultures and identities take defensive measures to protect themselves. Barber (1995) said that McWorld is History shows that our ancestors travel from Africa to other . particular interest is Paul Gilroy's (1993) conceptualization of the diaspora as a transnational Your respondent's name should not Demographic transition is a singular historical period during which mortality and fertility rates decline from high to low levels in a particular country or region The broad outlines of the transition are similar in countries around the world, but the pace and timing of the transition have varied considerably. However, its efficacy is questioned and it is thought that it will only lead illegal B. C. Global skepitcs. This long journey finally led them to all known continents today, roughly after 50,000 years. Many policy makers and scholars think that globalization must be regulated and Scientists are trying to figure out why, and whether it forecasts an upcoming surge in atmospheric warming. 2. residents. TV, music, books, and movies are perceived as imposed' on developing countries by the West (Cowen, 2002). Some examples include the first transatlantic telephone cable (1956), the first transatlantic television broadcasts (1962), the founding of the modern Internet in 1988, and the terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers in New York (2001). In addition to the following items, David writes a regular column for YES! Migration is traditionally governed either by push factors such as political persecution, economic depression, war, and famine in the home country or by pull factors such as a favorable immigration policy, a labor shortage, and a similarity of language and culture in the country of destination (Ritzer, 2015). (a) People come to accord social processes a reality of their own and come to feel that there is nothing they can do about them. The beginning of the internet could be seen as a new global age. In terms of the economy, there is recognition of the spread of neoliberalism, capitalism, and the market economy in the world (Antonio, 2007). The motivations for the recent regionalization in Asia, as well as other regions 1 in the world, cannot be isolated from one another. Modern transportation has also contributed considerably to the Modern According to Nayan Chanda (2007), it is because of our basic human need to make our C.Eventually this global age will be replaced by a new cycle in the globalization process. Finally, non-state actors, such as the TNCs, act as a driving force toward regionalism. to spread. Nevertheless, it would mean no harm to look at the five different perspectives regarding the origins of globalization. On the other hand, it can be said that the anti-rationalist qualities ascribed to religion can be the characteristics of fundamentalist and extremist forms of religion. gave premium to voyages of discoveryChristopher Columbuss discovery of America in 1942, The United States, Germany, and Great Britain had in their homeland great corporations which the world knows today. global cycles. . Unlike other global flows, labor migration still faces many restrictions. brought such religions to a circle of competition and conflicts. For instance, Islam and Christianity are mostly incompatible with each other. to specific technological advances in transportation and communication. Today, most religions are not relegated to the countries where they began. conscious of themselves as being world religions reinforcing their respective specific identities. Japans dependency ratio, however, increased between 1888 and 1920. Identify whether they subscribe to a particular definition discussed in class or they Global 2. Origins and History of Globalization 17. Ritzer (2007) also espoused the idea that globalization can also be seen as a flow of nothing as opposed to something, involving the spread of non-places, nonthings, non-people, and non-services. civilizations are, at the least, can be found in the region. According to Kritz (2008), those who migrate to find work are involved in labor migration. A remarkable effect of the demographic transition, as Shigeyuki et al. The commodification of cultures and glocal markets are examples of (a) methods employed by one nation-state to gain power over an area(s) and then to exercise control over it. than the West in 1900. This event led to the opening of the major parts of the world for the first time, since the early twentieth century. Huntington (1996), on the contrary, believed that culture and identity guide with each other and providing a context for their flourishing and thriving, globalization has To him, as global forces interact with local factors or a specific geographic area, the glocal is being produced. For some, globalization is a long-term cyclical process and thus, finding its origin will be To quote Scholte (2005): Transplanetary relations have helped to stimulate and sustain some renewals of anti-rationalist specified area (p. It has been difficult for religion to cope with values that accompany globalization like Religion seeks to assert its identity in the light of globalization. Motors originated in the United States but in the twentieth century, they exported more countless websites that provide information about religions have been created. Read Free Globalisation And Legal Theory Globalisation And Legal Theory Yeah, reviewing a ebook globalisation and legal theory could accumulate your near friends listings. Subscribing to this view will suggest adherence to the idea that other global ages have appeared. . One of the reasons behind regionalism is the concern for security, which is to ensure peace and stability. These are differentialism, hybridization, and convergence. These globalization pros and cons show that a borderless world potentially offers many benefits, but with many enormous challenges, which need to be resolved for globalization to be workable. The definition of Globalization according to "Business dictionary" means: The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration. China, even though the government remains communist, is on its way to becoming Spanish test U2L5 yo-jo verbs, yo-go verbs, y, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. It may be pictured as the threads of an immense spider web formed over millennia, with the number and . in the former (Dufoix, 2007). The previous discussions answered the question What is globalization? The next question Where did it start? is not easy to answer as well because there are different views about this. (b) After WW II, the US came up with the Marshall Plan to funnel large sums of money to European nations in order to help them develop and to keep them beyond reach of the Soviets. predates contemporary accelerated globalizationwhereby certain religious circles have from time different transplanetary processes. religion has always been promoted by its practitioners so that it could reach the level of globality Globalization is commonly thought of as a new phenomenon, but contact between diverse individuals is not new. globalization was made possible because of our basic human need to make our lives better. Events 19. Contrary to cultural imperialism, heterogeneity in culture is Information technologies, transportation means, and the media are deemed important (c) Globalization is multidirectional benefiting everyone, but rather development was unidirectional with assistance flowing from one direction (the North). Deterritorialization means that it is much more difficult to tie culture to a specific geographic point of origin. globalization are closely interconnected and the expansion of the latter will lead to an increase margins of the host society (Landler, 2007). Aldama, P. (2018). in Asia through cooperation. EXO 1. pleasant 2. The developing countries like India and the Philippines had higher dependency ratios than the West in 1900. Independent Media Center, associated with the alter-globalization movement, helps to counter this trend. This is, of course, not a new situation. Diasporization and (2005) claimed, the new regionalism is not a barrier to political globalization but, on the contrary, entirely compatible with itif not an indirect encouragement (p. 77). Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods . It says that evolutionary psychology "offers a theory of how the human mind came to be constructed and that mind is hardwired in ways that govern most human behavior to this day". Asylum seekers are refugees who seek to remain in the country to which they flee. The demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War Religions have, in fact, spread and scattered on a global scale. Inequality, he argues, is a political choice based on a flawed ideology the market will provide and not the inevitable result of technology and globalization. These are respectively connected to four aspects of globalization Many countries face issues of illegal migration. A more specific concept is glocalization coined by Roland Robertson in 1992. started to disappear because there is a decline in global birth rate. McDonaldization involves the global spread of rational systems, such as the failure of hybridization. move because they have to be (Ritzer, 2015, p. 179)they are not faring well in their home Global communications, global organizations, global and movies are perceived as imposed' on developing countries by the West (Cowen, 2002). B.We live in a new global age. Globalization is not a new phenomenon. media are dominated by a small number of large corporations. In of people toward a better life. Slow food is in favor of local foods that are produced by traditional methods. A. contend that there is no such thing as globalization. The world's oceans are suddenly considerably hotter than just a month or two ago and well above record levels. Fertility decline in Asia did not begin until the 1950s and so on. Mark Twain is reputed to have remarked that history does not repeat itself, but it often rhymes. are very closely intertwined with the character and fate of the one. The United Nations projected that population growth will be shifted toward Africa. If, as some have observed, institutionalism needs a better analysis of how agency occurs in professional settings (McCann and Ward 2010), relational theory offers a means to . (p. 261) Muslims, for instance, aspire to establish the Islamic Ummah, a community of believers. There are three perspectives on global cultural flows. childbearing during the 1950s and low fertility rates in recent years. What group is the primary user of market ratios? Answered by CaptainBarracuda2883. instance, blamed the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its one-size-fits all approach which imperialism. Refugees are vagabonds forced to flee their home countries due to safety concerns Cycles: it explains that there is no single point of origin in globalization but it is a long-term cyclical . Another employee was in charge of ordering and taking deliveries of the vegetables. It enhances the power of the corporate and state leaders who have control over the economy. Hardwired definition is - implemented in the form of permanent electronic circuits; also : connected or incorporated by or as if by permanent electrical connections. 1920 and the early 1950s. The interaction of cultures is deemed to contain the potential for catastrophic collision. By entering in regional organizations, Asian states may regain 2315 Tarlac, Philippines Tel.No. Stiglitz (2002), for Globalization Scholars today point to these three notable changes as the origin of In addition, the Internet allows people to contact each other worldwide and therefore hold forums and debates that allow religious ideas to spread. They also send remittances back to family members in the country of origin, which improves the lives of the recipients, reduces poverty rates, and increases the level of education as well as the foreign reserves of the home country (Economist 2007, November 1). (c) The whole world is affected by the market of automobiles coming from Japan; this has enhanced their competition with the West. to outrun Germany and Japan in terms of industry. given concrete shape as never before (p. 245). divides the history of globalization into three periods: Globalization 1 (14921800), Globalization 2 (18002000) and Globalization 3 (2000 present). However, they did not remain there as far as their production and market are concerned. He states that Imperialism 30.
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